13 results
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
GCA, SLE, GPA) - ... edema caused by ... ischemia results ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Anterior ischemic ... Is visual loss caused ... the optic nerve caused ... Doppler US : halo sign ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
of the terminal retinal ... fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
: • Purpura, ischemic ... tract, and often causes ... Kidneys: glomerular ischemia ... and branches • GCA ... purpura: strong sign
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... Glomerulonephritis / Vasculits ... , HIV serology, ... #causes
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
pulmonary and renal ... purpura: Strong sign ... Elevated ESR and CRP GCA ... develop in pts with GCA ... tract, and often causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
glomerulopathies • Causes ... hematuria • Signs ... Diagnostic of GN or vasculitis ... Causes of Hematuria ... #urology #nephrology
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
systemic inflammatory vasculitis ... with systemic, neurologic ... systemic sx + signs ... required +/- prompt ophthalmology ... #Temporal #Signs
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... Hypertension - Renal ... - Myocardial ischemia ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... damage such as retinal ... bruit or signs ... Coarctation of aorta, Vasculitis ... Neurologic disorders