15 results
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
edema caused by ... ischemia results ... axons death due to ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
of the terminal retinal ... fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... Glomerulonephritis / Vasculits ... , HIV serology, ... #causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
glomerulopathies • Causes ... hematuria • Signs ... Diagnostic of GN or vasculitis ... Causes of Hematuria ... #urology #nephrology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
: • Purpura, ischemic ... pulmonary and renal ... tract, and often causes ... Kidneys: glomerular ischemia ... purpura: strong sign
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... Hypertension - Renal ... - Myocardial ischemia ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... heart failure, neurologic ... bruit or signs ... Coarctation of aorta, Vasculitis ... Neurologic disorders
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
Guidelines for Crises ... is unconscious, signs ... New or evolving regional ... Guidelines for crises ... Checklist #Diagnosis #Management
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
skin injury) • Neurologic ... tears, Ischemia ... inhibitors • Uveitis- Ophthalmology ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management ... #signs #symptoms
Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19
 • Neurologic: Headaches, Dizziness, Encephalopathy, Guillain-Barré, Ageusia, Myalgia, Anosmia, Stroke
 • Renal:
of COVID-19 • Neurologic ... Anosmia, Stroke • Renal ... Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, Nausea ... shock, Myocardial ischemia ... Extrapulmonary #Diagnosis #Signs