17 results
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
clinical context and signs ... Glomerulonephritis / Vasculits ... cryoglobulins, hepatitis serology ... , HIV serology, ... #causes
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Causes of Dizziness ... symptoms/signs, ... • Transient Ischemic ... Dizziness #Vertigo #Neurology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
edema caused by ... ischemia results ... axons death due to ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
of the terminal retinal ... fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
glomerulopathies • Causes ... hematuria • Signs ... Diagnostic of GN or vasculitis ... Urethra/Prostate Causes ... #urology #nephrology
Bell's Phenomenon on Physical Exam

Carles Bell realized that when trying to close the eye on the
Physical Exam Carles ... Bells #Phenomenon #Sign ... #PhysicalExam #ophthalmology ... #neurology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
: • Purpura, ischemic ... pulmonary and renal ... tract, and often causes ... Kidneys: glomerular ischemia ... purpura: strong sign
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... Hypertension - Renal ... - Myocardial ischemia ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... damage such as retinal ... bruit or signs ... Coarctation of aorta, Vasculitis ... Neurologic disorders
Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19
 • Neurologic: Headaches, Dizziness, Encephalopathy, Guillain-Barré, Ageusia, Myalgia, Anosmia, Stroke
 • Renal:
of COVID-19 • Neurologic ... Anosmia, Stroke • Renal ... Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, Nausea ... shock, Myocardial ischemia ... Extrapulmonary #Diagnosis #Signs