11 results
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
trucking" • Acute ... retinal edema caused ... by ischemia results ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
vasoconstrictive • Acute ... fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... Glomerulonephritis / Vasculits ... cardiac imaging #Acute
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
An acute rise or ... hypertension and signs ... damage such as retinal ... bruit or signs ... Coarctation of aorta, Vasculitis
Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19
 • Neurologic: Headaches, Dizziness, Encephalopathy, Guillain-Barré, Ageusia, Myalgia, Anosmia, Stroke
 • Renal:
Anosmia, Stroke • Renal ... : Acute kidney injury ... shock, Myocardial ischemia ... , Acute cor pulmonale ... Extrapulmonary #Diagnosis #Signs
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Anterior ischemic ... Definition: acute ... ischemic disorder ... Doppler US : halo sign ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
: • Purpura, ischemic ... pulmonary and renal ... tract, and often causes ... Kidneys: glomerular ischemia ... purpura: strong sign
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... Hypertension - Renal ... - Myocardial ischemia ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
, small-vessel vasculitis ... vasculitis) • ... tears, Ischemia ... inhibitors • Uveitis- Ophthalmology ... diagnosis #management #signs
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
: • Purpura, ischemic ... pulmonary and renal ... purpura: Strong sign ... and mesenteric ischemia ... tract, and often causes