62 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... • Metabolic acidosis ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Framework Pre-Renal ... Hypercalcemia, Renal ... Medications Intra-Renal ... Autoimmune Post-Renal ... #causes #algorithm
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
in the urine - Renal ... Renal Loss of HCO3 ... - Renal insufficiency ... Hypoaldosteronism - Renal ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... salicylate toxicity causes ... ketoacidosis Renal ... acids in advanced renal ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Differential Diagnosis Renal ... hypomagnesemia Renal ... Hypercalcemia, Post renal ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Abnormal blood flow ... edema caused by ... ischemia results ... axons death due to ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)  Type 1 

Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
Distal Renal Tubular ... Acidosis (RTA) ... Diagnosis #Management #Nephrology ... #Causes #Differential ... #RenalTubular #Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... oxoproline) • Renal ... Renal acidosis ... hyperkalemia (with renal ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Diagnosis Algorithm Low ... oral intake Renal ... Nonreabsorbable anions • Renal ... tubular acidosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
UNa > 20: • Renal ... Bicarbonaturia with renal ... tubal acidosis ... Acute or chronic renal ... #nephrology