39 results
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Causes of Dizziness ... • Meniere's Disease ... symptoms/signs, ... • Transient Ischemic ... #Causes
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinical Pearls ... • Neurologic ... symptoms suggest ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Anterior ischemic ... Clinical manifestations ... Doppler US : halo sign ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Important Causes of Diplopia 
TIER 1-CRITICAL
Basilar artery thrombosis, Botulism, Basilar meningitis, Aneurysmn
TIER 2-EMERGENT:
Vertebral dissection, Myasthenia gravis,
Important Causes ... Diplopia TIER 1-CRITICAL ... myopathy (Graves disease ... Ophthalmoplegic migraine, Ischemic ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... Méniére's disease ... (Wallenberg's syndrome ... Syndrome usually ... signs or symptoms
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
inflammatory cells) Clinical ... : • Disease fatal ... exertion • Neurologic ... dysrhythmias • Ophthalmologic ... #Signs #Pulmonary
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
skin injury) • Neurologic ... (Clinical Dx). ... retinal tears, Ischemia ... inhibitors • Uveitis- Ophthalmology ... diagnosis #management #signs
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
Optica (NMO) - Clinical ... involvement: Intractable nausea ... (AQP4-lgG disease ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... osmolarity If cause ... investigations depending on clinical ... context and signs ... #causes
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer’s Disease ... Pathogenesis and Clinical ... mutations - Down syndrome ... chromosome 21) Signs ... #symptoms