20 results
Patterns of Liver Injury
Transaminase Levels:
  > 50x normal - Ischemic Hepatitis
  > 20x normal
- Ischemic Hepatitis ... CMV), Alcoholic cirrhosis ... AST:ALT = 1 - Ischemia ... Viral Hepatitis, Ischemic ... #Injury #hepatology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Elevated Liver Enzymes ... Drugs/Toxins • Ischemia ... Infiltrative • Cirrhosis ... Others #LFTs #Hepatology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Abnormal Liver Function ... Drugs, Viral, Ischemia ... Congenital, Others, Cirrhosis ... LFTs #Elevated #Abnormal ... Algorithm #diagnosis #hepatology
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Anterior ischemic ... Is visual loss caused ... Definition: acute ischemic ... efficacy of GCs Abnormal ... GiantCellArteritis #GCA #Rheumatology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... intralobular bile ducts causes ... /Liver failure ... PBC Signs and Symptoms ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... AKI, acute limb ischemia ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

VENOUS THROMBOSIS

 • Acquired Risk Factors:
	- >48 hours
Nephrotic Syndrome, Ischemic ... Liver, IBD • ... coagulation and other causes ... Venous #Arterial #pathophysiology ... #hematology #differential
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
hemorrhagic rash; symptoms ... leading to organ ischemia ... non-specific viral symptoms ... genital warts, abnormal ... peds #pediatrics #pathophysiology
Algorithm regarding the diagnosis and treatment of Hereditary Hemochromatosis HH. 

Step 1: In the patient with
suspected HH based on symptoms ... <45% and SF is normal ... Patients with cirrhosis ... If other causes ... diagnosis #management #hepatology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
congenital defects) -> Abnormal ... retinal edema caused ... by ischemia results ... axons death due to ischemia ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms