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Cholestatic Liver Disease: Primary Biliary Cirrhosis vs Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

#pathophysiology #pbc #psc #hepatology #comparison
Cholestatic Liver ... Disease: Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis vs Primary ... Cholangitis #pathophysiology ... #pbc #psc #hepatology
Patterns of Liver Injury
Transaminase Levels:
  > 50x normal - Ischemic Hepatitis
  > 20x normal
> 50x normal - Ischemic ... CMV), Alcoholic cirrhosis ... AST:ALT = 1 - Ischemia ... Viral Hepatitis, Ischemic ... #Injury #hepatology
Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology
 - Ascites Formation
 - Dilutional Hyponatremia
 - Hepatorenal Syndrome
 - Spontaneous Infections

#Cirrhosis #Pathophysiology
Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology ... - Hepatorenal Syndrome ... Infections #Cirrhosis ... #Pathophysiology ... #hepatology #liver
Causes of Severe Acute Liver Injury
 - Ichemic hepatitis
 - Acute biliary obstruction
 - Drug-Induced liver
of Severe Acute Liver ... Injury - Ichemic ... hepatitis - Acute biliary ... - Drug-Induced liver ... #Differential #Hepatology
Elevated Liver Function Tests (LFTs) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Mild (<100-500): 
 • NAFLD
 • Cirrhosis
 •
Elevated Liver Function ... • NAFLD • Cirrhosis ... (Drug-induced liver ... injury) • Ischemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology
Common Etiologies of Cirrhosis

Inflammation

 - Hepatitis B (15 percent)

 - Hepatitis C (47 percent)

 - Schistosomiasis
Etiologies of Cirrhosis ... congenital - Primary biliary ... Nonalcoholic fatty liver ... disease (Budd-Chiari syndrome ... #Differential #Hepatology
Ascites - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis) - 80%
Underlying malignancy - 10%
Congestive heart
Diagnosis Chronic liver ... disease (cirrhosis ... Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome ... Failure, Pancreatic, Biliary ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Elevated Liver Enzymes ... Drugs/Toxins • Ischemia ... Infiltrative • Cirrhosis ... Duct Stone • Biliary ... Others #LFTs #Hepatology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
Symptoms: Fatigue, Pruritus, Right upper quadrant discomfort
Signs: Jaundice, Xanthelasmata, Hepatomegaly
Associated history:
Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis - Diagnosis ... Algorithm Symptoms ... Liver biopsy findings ... #Algorithm #hepatology
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
protein ≤ 2.5 g/dL: Cirrhosis ... Late Budd-Chiari syndrome ... , Massive liver ... SAAG < 1.1: Biliary ... albumin #gradient #hepatology