30 results
Patterns of Liver Injury
Transaminase Levels:
  > 50x normal - Ischemic Hepatitis
  > 20x normal
> 50x normal - Ischemic ... CMV), Alcoholic cirrhosis ... AST:ALT = 1 - Ischemia ... Viral Hepatitis, Ischemic ... Liver #Injury #hepatology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
re-vascularize the ischemic ... significant retinal ischemia ... Localized retinal ischemia ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Elevated Liver Function Tests (LFTs) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Mild (<100-500): 
 • NAFLD
 • Cirrhosis
 •
• NAFLD • Cirrhosis ... liver injury) • Ischemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Anterior ischemic ... Definition: acute ischemic ... • Cephalic symptoms ... Constitutional symptoms ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Drugs/Toxins • Ischemia ... Infiltrative • Cirrhosis ... Others #LFTs #Hepatology
Anaphylaxis: Signs and Symptoms
Anaphylaxis: when any egg of three conditions is met:
1. Acute onset of skin/mucosal
Anaphylaxis: Signs and Symptoms ... Rapid onset of symptoms ... Signs / Symptoms ... e.g. arrythmias, ischemia ... #Anaphylaxis #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
causes fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Drugs, Viral, Ischemia ... Congenital, Others, Cirrhosis ... Algorithm #diagnosis #hepatology
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
• Neurologic symptoms ... Cannot Abduct • Ischemia ... unreactive pupil • Ischemia ... looking medially • Ischemia ... Algorithm #Causes #Ophthalmology
Sickle Cell Disease - Pathophysiology of disease and complications 

Due to the deformed shape, HbS induces
Cell Disease - Pathophysiology ... organs leading to ischemia ... SickleCell #Disease #Pathophysiology ... Complications #Hematology