31 results
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Demyelinating Syndrome ... Cerebrovascular Disease ... that will cause ischemia ... cyclophosphamide • Ischemic ... CNS #neurology #rheumatology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Elevated Liver Enzymes ... Drugs/Toxins • Ischemia ... • Cholestatic disease ... Infiltrative • Cirrhosis ... Others #LFTs #Hepatology
Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG) - Differential Diagnosis
High albumin gradient (>1.1 g/dl):
 - Cirrhosis	
 - Alcoholic
>1.1 g/dl): - Cirrhosis ... ascites - Massive liver ... - Acute fatty liver ... associated with bowel ischemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Dehydration • Symptoms ... changes, stroke symptoms ... AKI, acute limb ischemia ... organ damage • Treatment ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
RBCs, muscle, liver ... hepatitis • Ischemic ... distinguishes ischemic ... injury • Demand ischemia ... associated with any symptoms
Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) - Stepwise Diagnosis Algorithm
DILI suspicion
Features toxic aetiology: Skin involvement, Kidney injury,
Drug Induced Liver ... non-essential drug/HDS treatments ... disease, Hepatic ... ischaemia, Autoantibody ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hepatology
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
meningitis), MCC CNS symptoms ... retinal tears, Ischemia ... Arthritis, AS Treatment ... management #signs #symptoms ... #rheumatology #
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC's) - Summary Framework

Why PVCs?  Can be the first manifestation of cardiac
(e.g., long QT syndrome ... • Myocardial ischemia ... • Underlying ischemic ... Digoxin toxicity Symptoms ... more intensive treatment
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
diarrhoea, Short bowel syndrome ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... Hypercholesterolaemia, Ischaemic ... heart disease, ... #riskfactors #symptoms
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... with or without cirrhosis ... ) on room air Treatment ... resolution of symptoms ... #hepatology