34 results
Patterns of Liver Injury
Transaminase Levels:
  > 50x normal - Ischemic Hepatitis
  > 20x normal
> 50x normal - Ischemic ... CMV), Alcoholic cirrhosis ... AST:ALT = 1 - Ischemia ... Viral Hepatitis, Ischemic ... #LFTs #transaminitis
Elevated Liver Function Tests (LFTs) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Mild (<100-500): 
 • NAFLD
 • Cirrhosis
 •
Function Tests (LFTs ... • NAFLD • Cirrhosis ... liver injury) • Ischemic ... Function #Tests #LFTs ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Drugs/Toxins • Ischemia ... Infiltrative • Cirrhosis ... • Others #LFTs ... #Hepatology #LiverEnzymes
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Drugs, Viral, Ischemia ... Congenital, Others, Cirrhosis ... Burak @kwburak #LFTs ... Algorithm #diagnosis #hepatology
ISCHEMIA Trial - Management Algorithm for patients with Stable Angina

Stress Test -> ? +moderate or severe
ISCHEMIA Trial - ... moderate or severe ischemia ... unfamiliar with the ISCHEMIA ... on results of ISCHEMIA ... /alenghat/ #ISCHEMIA
Hepatocellular Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework:
Liver Injury → liver test abnormalities without evidence of liver
• Vascular: Ischemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology ... Transaminitis #LFTs
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
hepatitis • Ischemic ... distinguishes ischemic ... injury • Demand ischemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... associated with any symptoms
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Dehydration • Symptoms ... changes, stroke symptoms ... AKI, acute limb ischemia ... tumor burden • Symptoms ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Causes of Biliary Dilatation - Differential Diagnosis
 • Physiological: ↑ Age, Cholecystectomy, Opioid dependence, Post-sphincterotomy
 •
sludge), Mirizzi's syndrome ... Parasitic infection, Ischaemic ... differential #diagnosis #hepatology
Clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis. 
Neurological (<15%): Dizziness, syncope, seizures, Confusion, impending doom. headache
Angioedema: Lips, tongue, orbit,
50%): Myocardial ischemia ... arrest, Kounis syndrome ... anaphylaxis #signs #symptoms