18 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... Fistula • Post-procedural ... • Cystitis • Bladder ... /Bladder (Upper ... and Lower urinary
Causes of Enuresis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Nocturnal Enuresis (Urinary Control Never Achieved)
 • Delayed Maturation
Causes of Enuresis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diabetes Insipidus, Urethral ... Palsy, Neurogenic Bladder ... #Causes #Peds #
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
tumour, stone, BPH, urethral ... poorly coapting urethra ... unit; Decreased urethral ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Studies - SUI — Decr urethral
Types of Urinary Incontinence
 - Stress Incontinence - The urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient
Types of Urinary ... pressure raise the bladder ... #Urinary #Incontinence ... #Types #Classification ... #Causes #diagnosis
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
Causes of Urinary ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... cancer • Urethral ... • Posterior Urethral ... #Causes #Urology
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Causes of Urinary ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Incontinence - Failure of urethral ... medications • Bladder ... Obstruction #Urinary
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Kidney Injury - Classification ... tubular necrosis (causes ... Postrenal: • Ureteral ... • Neurogenic bladder ... • Urinary tract
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... early (distal urethra ... throughout (upper urinary ... tract), terminal (bladder
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... OBSTRUCTIVE • Urinary ... malignant) • Ureteral ... bladder tumors ... NephroP #AKI #causes
Increased Urinary Frequency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Non-increased urine volume (<2mL/min), Rule out polyuria
Extrinsic to Urinary Tract:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vulvovaginitis • Bladder ... Small Volume Bladder ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes