183 results
Jugular Waveform Components 
 • a wave - due to atrial contraction: It occurs just before
wave - due to atrial ... - due to right atrial ... • c wave - caused ... y descent - is caused ... Jugular #Waveforms #JVP
Abnormal Jugular Venous Pressure Waveforms - Differential Diagnosis
 - Absent a wave - Atrial fibrillation, sinus
Absent a wave - Atrial ... Flutter waves - Atrial ... stenosis, right atrial ... myxoma, pulmonary hypertension ... Jugular #Waveforms #JVP
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... • Pulmonary Arterial ... Hypertension Intracardiac ... Defect ** • Atrial ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
• At least 3 different P wave morphologies: 
• Rate 100-180
• Irregular 
Etiology
Multifocal Atrial ... • Pulmonary hypertension ... Management ... #Multifocal #Atrial ... Diagnosis #ECG #EKG #Management
Pericardial Tamponade
Beck's Triad 
1. Hypotension 
2. Jugular venous distension 
3. Muffled heart sounds 
Patient will be
Tamponade Beck's Triad ... Hypotension 2. ... heart sounds, JVD ... and hypotension ... (Beck’s triad),
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with portal hypertension
No other obvious causes (chronic
other obvious causes ... Transthoracic echocardiogram ... ventricular size, Right atrial ... - Mechanism: causes ... #diagnosis #management
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Management Principles

General Therapeutic Principles:
Reduce the congestive state 
 - Caution
Ejection Fraction: Management ... relevant Maintain atrial ... sinus rhythm in atrial ... , pulmonary hypertension ... ineffective) #Management
Prostanoid prescribing and management in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)
Oral Prostanoids:
 - Selexipag
 - Treprostinil
Inhaled Prostanoids
 -
prescribing and management ... in Pulmonary Arterial ... Hypertension (PAH ... #Hypertension # ... PAH #Management
Causes of Pulmonary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
 • Idiopathic
 • Associated with:
Causes of Pulmonary ... Hypertension - ... Algorithm Pulmonary Arterial ... Hypertension ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Cannon A Waves
 • Caused by atrial contracting against a closed tricuspid valve
 • Atrioventricular dissociation
Cannon A Waves • Caused ... by atrial contracting ... dissociation + retrograde atrial ... diagnosis #cardiology #CVP