13 results
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Classification of Jaundice ... • Increased bilirubin ... hepatocyte damage (eg, hepatitis ... postoperative jaundice ... neoplasms #Jaundice
Liver Function Tests (LFTs) - Normal Values and Interpretation

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT) - Liver, cardiac & skeletal
Function Tests (LFTs ... (GGT) - Liver, biliary ... Conjugated/DBili) - Biliary ... Function #Tests #LFTs ... Interpretation #diagnosis #hepatology
Clinical diagnosis of Alcoholic Hepatitis (AH)
 • Onset of jaundice within prior 8 weeks
 • Ongoing
diagnosis of Alcoholic Hepatitis ... ) • Onset of jaundice ... before the onset of jaundice ... • Serum total bilirubin ... #AH #hepatology
Clinical Diagnosis of Autoimmune Hepatitis
 - Onset of jaundice within prior 8 weeks
 - Ongoing consumption
of Autoimmune Hepatitis ... - Onset of jaundice ... before the onset of jaundice ... - Serum total bilirubin ... #Diagnosis #Hepatology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
• Alcoholic hepatitis ... Duct Stone • Biliary ... • Others #LFTs ... #Hepatology #LiverEnzymes
Inherited Non-hemolytic Disorders of Hyperbilirubinemia 

== Disorders of Conjugation ==
Gilbert Syndrome:
 • 5-10% of the population
breastfeeding jaundice ... and breastmilk jaundice ... manifest only as jaundice ... #hepatology #diagnosis ... #gastroenterology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... hyperpigmentation • Jaundice ... slightly elevated • Bilirubin ... Diagnosis: • Viral hepatitis ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
Interpretation of LFTs ... Check Acute viral hepatitis ... Check Acute viral hepatitis ... #differential #Hepatology ... transaminitis #LFTs
Liver Disease in Pregnancy
Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP)
 • Onset/Trimester: 25-32 weeks
 • Typical clinical features:
Pruritus, Mild jaundice ... fold elevation, Bilirubin ... fold elevation, Bilirubin ... Disease #Pregnancy #hepatology ... #obstetrics #hepatitis
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Extrahepatic - Biliary ... - Obstruction: Biliary ... week • Direct bilirubin ... Chronic viral hepatitis ... diagnosis #algorithm #hepatology