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Common Etiologies of Cirrhosis

Inflammation

 - Hepatitis B (15 percent)

 - Hepatitis C (47 percent)

 - Schistosomiasis
Inflammation - Hepatitis ... 15 percent) - Hepatitis ... congenital - Primary biliary ... Nonalcoholic fatty liver ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Patterns of Liver Injury
Transaminase Levels:
  > 50x normal - Ischemic Hepatitis
  > 20x normal
Patterns of Liver ... , Toxic Hepatitis ... CMV), Alcoholic cirrhosis ... #Patterns #Liver ... transaminitis #differential
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
- Differential ... /acute hepatitis ... sarcoidosis) • Liver ... metastasis • Fatty liver ... pregnancy • Primary biliary
Causes of Severe Acute Liver Injury
 - Ichemic hepatitis
 - Acute biliary obstruction
 - Drug-Induced liver
of Severe Acute Liver ... - Acute biliary ... - Drug-Induced liver ... Hemochromatosis - Primary biliary ... Acute #Causes #Differential
Clinical Examination for Liver and Biliary Diseases
1) Hands: Clubbing, Dupuytren's contracture, Leuconychia, Bruising, Flapping tremor (hepatic
Examination for Liver ... and Biliary Diseases ... Xanthelasma and jaundiced ... #physicalexam #cirrhosis ... #liver #disease
Ascites - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis) - 80%
Underlying malignancy - 10%
Congestive heart
Ascites - Differential ... Diagnosis Chronic liver ... disease (cirrhosis ... or chronic hepatitis ... Failure, Pancreatic, Biliary
Hepatomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malignant
 • Primary Carcinoma
 • Metastases
 • Lymphoma
 • Leukemia
 • Polycythemia
Hepatomegaly - Differential ... Non-Malignant • Fatty Liver ... Cholangitis • Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis #Hepatomegaly ... #Differential #
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
/Liver failure ... hyperpigmentation • Jaundice ... or higher • Liver ... bile ducts Differential ... Diagnosis: • Viral hepatitis
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Classification of Jaundice ... hepatocyte damage (eg, hepatitis ... , hepatic cirrhosis ... cirrhosis, sepsis ... #unconjugated #differential
Causes of Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular - Liver Parenchyma
 • Infectious: Hepatitis C, A,
Injury - Differential ... • Infectious: Hepatitis ... , Acute biliary ... Extrahepatic • Biliary ... #Injury #Differential