36 results
Patterns of Liver Injury
Transaminase Levels:
  > 50x normal - Ischemic Hepatitis
  > 20x normal
Patterns of Liver ... , Toxic Hepatitis ... CMV), Alcoholic cirrhosis ... #Patterns #Liver ... Injury #hepatology #LFTs
Elevated Liver Function Tests (LFTs) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Mild (<100-500): 
 • NAFLD
 • Cirrhosis
 •
Tests (LFTs) - ... • NAFLD • Cirrhosis ... Chronic Viral Hepatitis ... • Acute Viral Hepatitis ... Function #Tests #LFTs
Clinical Examination for Liver and Biliary Diseases
1) Hands: Clubbing, Dupuytren's contracture, Leuconychia, Bruising, Flapping tremor (hepatic
Examination for Liver ... and Biliary Diseases ... Xanthelasma and jaundiced ... #physicalexam #cirrhosis ... #liver #disease
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Elevated Liver Enzymes ... • Alcoholic hepatitis ... Infiltrative • Cirrhosis ... Duct Stone • Biliary ... • Others #LFTs
Common Etiologies of Cirrhosis

Inflammation

 - Hepatitis B (15 percent)

 - Hepatitis C (47 percent)

 - Schistosomiasis
Etiologies of Cirrhosis ... Inflammation - Hepatitis ... 15 percent) - Hepatitis ... congenital - Primary biliary ... Nonalcoholic fatty liver
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
Clues to non-cirrhotic ... /acute hepatitis ... sarcoidosis) • Liver ... metastasis • Fatty liver ... pregnancy • Primary biliary
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... /Liver failure ... hyperpigmentation • Jaundice ... or higher • Liver ... Diagnosis: • Viral hepatitis
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Classification of Jaundice ... hepatocyte damage (eg, hepatitis ... , hepatic cirrhosis ... cirrhosis, sepsis ... postoperative jaundice
Hepatomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malignant
 • Primary Carcinoma
 • Metastases
 • Lymphoma
 • Leukemia
 • Polycythemia
Non-Malignant • Fatty Liver ... Infectious • Hepatitis ... • Alcoholic Hepatitis ... Cholangitis • Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis #Hepatomegaly
Ascites - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis) - 80%
Underlying malignancy - 10%
Congestive heart
Diagnosis Chronic liver ... disease (cirrhosis ... or chronic hepatitis ... failure - 3-5% Cirrhosis ... Failure, Pancreatic, Biliary