16 results
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Classification of Jaundice ... postoperative jaundice ... neoplasms #Jaundice ... Classification #diagnosis ... #conjugated #unconjugated
Jaundice - Pathophysiology and Causes

- Amy Chung, MD, MSc @AmyChung 

#Jaundice #Pathophysiology #Differential #Unconjugated #Causes #Diagnosis
Jaundice - Pathophysiology ... Amy Chung, MD, MSc ... #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #Unconjugated ... #Causes #Diagnosis
Inherited Non-hemolytic Disorders of Hyperbilirubinemia 

== Disorders of Conjugation ==
Gilbert Syndrome:
 • 5-10% of the population
hemolysis or liver injury ... breastfeeding jaundice ... and breastmilk jaundice ... manifest only as jaundice ... #hepatology #diagnosis
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism
AST and ALT:
 • AST: liver
Phosphatase and Bilirubin ... cytochromes) • Unconjugated ... MRP2 transports conjugated ... #Hepatology #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #LFTs
Liver Function Tests (LFTs) - Normal Values and Interpretation

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT) - Liver, cardiac & skeletal
(Conjugated/DBili ... hepatocellular injury ... Indirect bilirubin ... (Unconjugated) ... Interpretation #diagnosis
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
tumour causing injury ... Acute #SpinalCord #Injury ... #Syndromes #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... signs #symptoms #msk
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Bilirubin - ... week • Direct bilirubin ... : ~ 1 Unconjugated ... #differential #diagnosis
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
Bilirubin - ... week • Direct bilirubin ... Elevation: • Bilirubin ... blood cells Unconjugated ... liver #chemistry #diagnosis
Low Ankle Sprain: Pathomechanics and Clinical Findings

Grading Ligament Sprains
l: Minimal ligament disruption, mild swelling & tenderness,
most commonly injured ... (uncommonly injured ... LowAnkleSprain #Sports #MSK ... Grading #Grades #Diagnosis ... #pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... hyperpigmentation • Jaundice ... slightly elevated • Bilirubin ... Differential Diagnosis ... #cholangitis #diagnosis