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Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hypertension:
 • Hypertensive emergency
 • Hypertensive encephalopathy
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Hypertensive encephalopathy ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... NCSE • Delirium/agitation ... #causes
Pain, Agitation, and Delirium (PAD) in the ICU
Addressing the ICU Triad (PAD) can be accomplished through
Propofol infusion syndrome ... it should not cause ... bradycardia • Ketamine ... #CriticalCare # ... diagnosis #management
Causes of Encephalopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperacute:
 - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (IS, ICH), Seizure, Migraine, Trauma
Causes of Encephalopathy ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Vascular (IS, ICH ... paraneoplastic syndromes ... #Algorithm #Causes
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Diagnosis
Clinical Features:
 • Altered mental status (Either lethargy, confusion, or
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ... Syndrome (PRES) ... confusion, or agitation ... Posterior #Reversible #Encephalopathy ... #Syndrome #Diagnosis
Checklist for Treatment of Delirium in the ICU 

Remove causative factors 
 - 
Exclude hypoglycemia if
Delirium in the ICU ... If Wernicke's encephalopathy ... treatment for hepatic encephalopathy ... severe nocturnal agitation ... #CriticalCare
Acute Altered Mental Status - Rapid Response Management

1) Ask while en route: vitals, hyper/hypoactive, POC glucose,
• Hyperactive (Agitation ... Hypoactive 3) Examine ... the underlying cause ... status #Management #criticalcare ... #encephalopathy
Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS)
Symptoms of PICS:
 - Physical Domain: Generalized weakness, Fatigue, Difficulty walking
 - Cognitive
Post-Intensive Care Syndrome ... IntensiveCare #Syndrome ... #PICS #diagnosis ... #management #criticalcare ... #icu
Checklist for Evaluation of New-Onset Delirium in the ICU

Initial assessment 
 - 
Vital signs, neuro exam
Delirium in the ICU ... if hypercapneic encephalopathy ... Evaluation #Workup #MICU ... #CriticalCare # ... Diagnosis
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Mechanisms and Side Effects
 • Serotonin Syndrome:
   - Autonomic Hyperactivity:
• Serotonin Syndrome ... Cognitive Changes: Agitation ... SSRI Withdrawal Syndrome ... Dizziness - Nausea ... SideEffects #Psychiatry #Diagnosis
Hypotension - Rapid Response Management

1) Ask for vitals en route
2) Immediate Assessment
3) Examine for a cause:
Assessment 3) Examine ... for a cause: use ... Obstructive 4) Diagnosis ... Hypotension #Management #criticalcare