9467 results
Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
APS is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by recurring blood clots resulting from antibodies
anticoagulant (LA ... at least: • 1 clinical ... presence of 1 clinical ... APS #diagnosis #management
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Anti-Ro/SSA & Anti-La ... primary) • Anti-La ... salivary ducts Clinical ... Rheumatology #Diagnosis #Management
Differentiating PAH from PVH - Echocardiography
Pulmonary Artery Hypertension (PAH):
 • RV size - Enlarged
 • LA
- Enlarged • LA ... - Small • RA/LA ... be enlarged • LA ... - Large • RA/LA ... ratio - Normal (LA
Diastolic Dysfunction Grading - Echocardiography
Grade 0  (Normal):
 • E/A >0.8, e’ > 8 cm/s, E/e’
more “Push” from LA ... more “Push” from LA ... Also LA enlargement
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management
Methanol intoxication:
 • Accidental or intentional ingestion of adulterated
Alcohol Ingestion: Clinical ... Diagnosis, and Management ... with or without LA ... comparison #table #management
Autoantibodies in Rheumatology
 • Lupus (SLE): ANA (anti-nuclear antibody), dsDNA (double-stranded DNA), Anti-Smith, Anti-Ro (SSA) and
(SSA) and Anti-La ... Anti-Ro (SSA), Anti-La
Antiarrhythmics - Sodium Channel Blockers
Subclasses, Mechanisms, Indications, Side Effects
la - Quinidine, Procainamide
lb - Lidocaine, Mexiletine
Ic -
, Side Effects la
Apical 4-chamber (A4) Apical 4 Chamber view demonstrating the right ventricle (RV), right atrium (RA), left
and left atrium (LA ... of the septum #Clinical
Severe Left Atrial Enlargement on Echocardiogram
Have you ever seen a left atrium this big!?!? 
LA diameter
LA diameter > 7 ... Echocardiogram #Clinical
Dextrocardia on EKG
 • Limb leads look like LA ←→ RA transposition
 • V1 ←→ V2
leads look like LA ... cardiology #diagnosis #clinical