25 results
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Heart Failure - Causes ... Causes: • Afterload ... #HeartFailure #Causes ... #cardiology #HFrEF ... #HFpEF #CHF
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure - Diagnosis and Treatment Algorithm
Diagnosis: Ferritin <100 ng/mL (absolute ID) OR
Guidelines: • ACC ... patients with HFrEF ... iron #deficiency #CHF ... #diagnosis #management ... #algorithm #cardiology
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Association, which is classes ... STAGES of CHF (A ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... HeartFailure #Staging #Classification ... #Stages #Classes
Etiologies of dilated cardiomyopathy. HF, heart failure; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HIV, human
HF, heart failure ... ; HFrEF, heart failure ... #differential #diagnosis ... #cardiology #causes
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
→ Inflammation causes ... iron #deficiency #CHF ... #HFrEF #heartfailure ... #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
Association functional class ... patients with a diagnosis ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive ... #Stages #Classes
Serious Bacterial Illness (SBI):
1) UTI and pyelonephritis
Most common cause of SBI
Accounts for 3-8% of uncharacterized fevers
Female
pyelonephritis Most common cause ... Consider BCx, CSF ... with CXR, obtain ... suggested if: - ANC ... #Peds #EM #Classification
TOPCAT - Spironolactone for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

N Engl J Med 2014; 370:1383-1392 https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1313731

CONCLUSIONS:
cardiovascular causes ... hospitalization for the management ... Spironolactone #HFpEF ... #dCHF #Cardiology
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Ejection Fraction (HFrEF ... un lymphatic Diagnostic ... → no signs of CXR ... #heartfailure #diagnosis ... #management #cardiology
Type 2 Diabetes - Screening, Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Lifestyle  Modifications (Diet and Exercise) -> Start
Diabetes - Screening, Diagnosis ... and Management ... PostPrandial Insulin A1c ... • Secondary Causes ... algorithm #DM2 #DMII #Classification