12 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Diagnosis Algorithm ... starts by measuring urinary ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... secreting tumor, Primary ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... syndrome - ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... Diagnosis #Low # ... #Causes #Workup
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Urinary ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
mEq/g suggests urinary ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Urinary Chloride ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #urinary
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Diagnosis Algorithm ... R - Primary aldosteronism ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
> 20 meq/L • Primary ... Severe Cushing syndrome ... Congenital AME syndrome ... syndrome (defective ... #Diagnosis #Causes