197 results
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation Algorithm
In addition to edema and urine concentration, always consider urine
Diagnosis and Evaluation ... Algorithm In addition ... to edema and urine ... always consider urine ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... wasting from other causes ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal causes ... • Diarrhea A urine
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Evaluation Algorithm

Step 1: Consider whether Posm may actually be normal or elevated
Step 2:
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Evaluation ... Algorithm Step ... Check Uosm and/or Urine ... considered likely, the cause ... #Algorithm
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Proteinuria (Negative urine ... Proteinuria (Positive urine ... albuminuria) - Active urine ... Post-infectious GN - Bland urine
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Urine Output > ... Water Diuresis (Urine ... Mixed Diuresis (Urine ... Solute Diuresis (Urine ... #causes #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Symptoms of UTI, urine ... WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... Nephrology if cause ... urology #blood #urine
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Polyuria - Urine ... day, Increased Urine ... Osmotic Diuresis Urine ... administration Hypertonic Urine ... polydipsia Hypotonic Urine
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Causes of Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine chloride ... diuretic use Urine ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria: Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... more RBC/HPF spun urine ... examination of urine ... RBC - Brown urine
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal ... Urine Color - Differential ... Diagnosis Turbid White Urine ... * Green Urine: ... Syndrome - UTI caused