10 results
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
loss if renal function ... is normal NEPHKIDS ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... arrhythmias and paralysis ... from other causes ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... #differential #
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinis", determined heating ... includes the complete analysis ... • Urinary casts ... not be used with normal ... renal function.
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... confirmed via genetic testing ... ; interpretation ... dependent upon local laboratory ... hypokalemia #diagnosis #differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Vomiting/nasogastric suction ... the indicated causes ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Causes of Secondary Amenorrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Absence of menses for more than 3 cycles or
Causes of Secondary ... Amenorrhea - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... estrogen: • Functional ... (e.g. eating disorder
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... Vomiting • NG suction ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Most Common Causes ... - BAR >1.0 is abnormal ... ) • Pulmonary function ... Bronchoscopy Laboratory ... Bronchiectasis #pulmonary #differential
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... remember than the normal ... volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... #Hyponatremia #differential
Delayed Fracture Healing - Non-Union - Malunion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Inflammation (Hours-Days) -> Soft Callus (Days-Weeks)
Diagnosis Algorithm ... deviations from normal ... axis Non Functional ... Misalignment before casting ... #Orthopedics #Causes