22 results
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Classification of PCL Iniuries
 • Partial: Translation <
Clinical Findings Classification ... : The PCL is injured ... structures, such as the ACL ... Posterior draw test, - Lachman ... draw test, + Lachman
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... Kidney loss of Cl ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Hypertensive: • High Al ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... contracted: urine chloride ... other • Severe potassium ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... • Fatigue Chloride ... Hypochloremia #Differential ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology ... #Chloride
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... #high #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
Acute Kidney Injury ... Acute #Kidney #Injury ... Cancer #Oncology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Classification ... #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... #high #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Potassium-sparing ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... loads (ammonium chloride ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... - Electrical injury ... Monitor potassium ... Rhabdomyolysis #Differential ... causes #treatment #nephrology