21 results
diagnosis differential algorithm causes metabolic hypokalemia pathophysiology chloride potassium low management urinary urine abg acid acidbase base bicarbonate bloodgas cardiorenal
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... distal tubule. ↑ Nacl ... delivery to distal nephron ... Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3) Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?) (+)
Likely Metabolic Alkalosis ... Adenoma • Remote Diuretics ... Contraction Urine Cl ... Barter, or Gitelman ... Syndrome Unremarkable
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... , Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's ... syndrome (mimics ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Thiazide or loop diuretics ... after renal tubule diuretic ... Thiazide or loop diuretics ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... , Bartter's syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... • Inhibit Na+ Cl ... loss through the nephron ... #Pharmacology # ... nephrology #conversion
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