12 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
alkalosis ↓ ↑ ... ) = {Na - (Cl + ... alkalosis/Resp ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... • Inhibit Na+ Cl ... loss through the nephron ... #Pharmacology # ... nephrology #conversion
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
. ↑ Nacl delivery ... to distal nephron ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... alkalosis - ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... resistance • Metabolic ... alkalosis • Familial ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Excessive vomiting - Metabolic ... alkalosis - Fistulas ... RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... alkalosis #Hypochloremia ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Generalized distal nephron ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology