14 results
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
distal tubule. ↑ Nacl ... delivery to distal nephron ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... • Inhibit Na+ Cl ... loss through the nephron ... by excretion of ... nephrology #conversion
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... intake, Diuretics ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... intake, Diuretics ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
) = {Na - (Cl + ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... #Summary #Nephrology ... #ABG #bloodgas
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal Excretion ... resistance • Metabolic ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic ... - Fractional excretion ... Normotensive - No diuretic ... #Workup #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Generalized distal nephron ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... ketosis with ketone excretion ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... intake, Diuretics ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Algorithm #Nephrology