15 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Al, Low R - Primary ... Al, High R - Secondary ... Al, Low R - Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... intake • Metabolic ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... EABV, High Plasma ... diuretics, Thiazide ... diuretics, Mg2+ ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Generalized distal nephron ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... consumption • Low ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... pressure: Active diuretic ... acidosis, a high ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... • K sparing diuretics ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology