24 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... XR — scotty dog sign ... vertebrae • CT ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #signs #symptoms
Achilles Tendon Rupture - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • The Achilles tendon is 15cm long in
Pathogenesis and clinical ... pre-determined etiology Signs ... #signs #symptoms ... pathophysiology #msk ... #orthopedics
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
Pathogenesis and clinical ... onto lateral hip Signs ... FemoralHead #Fractures #msk ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
and Management ... extrapulmonary cases Clinical ... Signs/Symptoms: ... years - May have signs ... involvement - CT
Supracondylar Elbow Fracture
• Most common elbow fracture in children, peak age 5-7 
• When looking at
anterior sail sign ... can't make A-OK sign ... Radiology #XRay #Diagnosis ... #Management #Orthopedics ... #MSK
Posterior Elbow Dislocation
The elbow is the second most commonly dislocated major joint in adults and the
can't make A-OK sign ... Splint: Posterior long ... Radiology #XRay #Diagnosis ... #Management #Orthopedics ... #Sports #MSK
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
immune compromise Clinical ... Signs/Symptoms: ... be present or signs ... , specifically CT ... KUB or abdominal ultrasound
Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: Pathogenesis, clinical, and radiographic findings

Trauma, Fall on, outstretched arm, Overhead throwing => Abduction
Pathogenesis, clinical ... #Dislocation #Diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Fraction (HFrEF) Clinical ... More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... acute HF → no signs