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The fourth pattern includes abnormalities that result in decreased lung attenuation or air-filled lesions.
These include:
- Emphysema
-
result in decreased lung ... - Lung cysts (LAM ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest ... #SignetRing #RadiologyAssistant
Upper lung zone preference is seen in:
- Inhaled particles: pneumoconiosis (silica or coal)
- Smoking related diseases
Upper lung zone ... (centrilobular emphysema ... edema #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Upper #Lower #RadiologyAssistant
Low Attenuation pattern 
1. Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM): uniform cysts in woman of child-bearing age; no history of
Centrilobular emphysema ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #HRCT #CTChest ... Comparison #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Centrilobular emphysema due to smoking. The periphery of the lung is spared (blue arrows). Centrilobular artery
Centrilobular emphysema ... periphery of the lung ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CTChest #Centrilobular ... #RadiologyAssistant
Differential diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
Nodular LCH:
- Sarcoidosis: perilymphatic distribution.
- Metastases: random distribution.
Cystic LCH:
- LAM: round
Centrilobular emphysema ... Clinical #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #CTChest #Cystic ... Comparison #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Low Attenuation pattern (2) 
1. Centrilobular emphysema: low attenuation areas without walls. Notice the centrilobular artery
Centrilobular emphysema ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #HRCT #CTChest ... Comparison #Table #RadiologyAssistant
On the left three different patients with lung cysts.
From left to right: Lymphangiomyomatosis, LIP and Langerhans
patients with lung ... Clinical #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #CTChest #Cystic ... Histiocytosis #RadiologyAssistant
Paraseptal emphysema is localized near fissures and pleura and is frequently associated with bullae formation (area
Paraseptal emphysema ... compression of adjacent lung ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CTChest #Paraseptal ... #RadiologyAssistant
Cavities frequently arise within a mass or an area of consolidation as a result of necrosis.
We
the surrounding lung ... Clinical #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #CTChest #Cavity ... #Cyst #Emphysema ... #Comparison #RadiologyAssistant
Radiologists use many terms to describe areas of decreased density or lucencies within the lung, like
lucencies within the lung ... pneumatocele, emphysema ... we describe a chest ... with a thin wall Emphysema ... Pulmonary #Diagnosis #Radiology