22 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... stroke, Acute spinal ... cord injury Generalized ... cord injury, Early ... #differential #
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Syndromes Spinal ... Causes of spinal ... involved) - Tendon reflex ... in deep tendon reflexes ... #lesions #differential
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
- Emergency Causes ... axial T1 and T2 Treatment ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
, Compartment syndrome ... , Electrical injury ... Monitor potassium ... Management #Summary #causes ... #treatment
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Causes of Neuromuscular ... Weakness • Spinal ... Phrenic nerve injury ... #differential # ... diagnosis #neurology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Management Summary Causes ... Monitor potassium ... Rhabdomyolysis #Differential ... #treatment #nephrology
Orthopedic Emergencies
Compartment Syndrome
 • An increase in compartment pressure to the point where tissue perfusion is
Syndrome caused ... after an acute injury ... including DM • Treatment ... cord function and reflex ... bulbocarvenosus reflex
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential ... Cord Causes: 1 ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... #differential
Mechanisms of Pain
Mixed - Nociceptive/Neuropathic
Nociceptive - Tissue Damage
 - Visceral - (From organ/cavity lining) Poorly localized,
regional pain syndrome ... Post-stroke • Spinal ... injury #Pain ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Vegetables: spinach ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology