35 results
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... hyperextension -> Upper extremity ... Primarily Upper Extremity ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Peripheral Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Lower Extremity Edema

Edema occurs when any of the following
Framework for Lower Extremity ... Unilateral Lower Extremity ... Bilateral Lower Extremity ... #PhysicalExam # ... Pathophysiology
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
Upper Extremity ... hand" ± Horner Syndrome ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... #UpperLimb #Extremity ... sensory #motor #arm #physicalexam
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Bone/Joint Causes ... Patellofemoral pain syndrome ... cyanosis - Cool extremity ... diagnosis #lower #extremity ... #msk #physicalexam
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... so-called ‘red flag’ symptoms ... - Emergency Causes ... or absent lower extremity ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Mechanisms and Side Effects
 • Serotonin Syndrome:
   - Autonomic Hyperactivity:
• Serotonin Syndrome ... SSRI Withdrawal Syndrome ... Dizziness - Nausea ... Serotonin #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Lower Extremity ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Commonly caused ... #LowerLimb #Extremity ... sensory #motor #leg #physicalexam
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors(SNRIs): Mechanisms and Side Effects

Withdrawal: Dizziness, Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea, Vomiting
Serotonin Syndrome - Potentially Life
Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea ... Vomiting Serotonin Syndrome ... gain Incr NE: Nausea ... SerotoninNorepinephrine #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer's (99% of cases ... mutations - Down syndrome ... chromosome 21) Signs / Symptoms ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Rare Causes of Abdominal Pain
 • Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema - Recurrent visceral that may by swelling
Rare Causes of Abdominal ... - May involve symptoms ... neuropsychiatric symptoms ... arcuate ligament syndrome ... - Extremely lean