112 results
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Heart Disease Pulmonary ... Regurgitation - Leaflet ... Regurgitation - Leaflet ... #causes
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... fusion, thick MV leaflets ... chordae Severe mitral ... dysplastic MV leaflets ... radiation #mitral
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... fibroelastic disease): Leaflets ... because of MV leaflet ... Ischemic MR: MV leaflet ... mid-portion of anterior leaflet
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... regurgitation: • Leaflet ... Thrombus formation, Leaflet ... regurgitation: • Leaflet ... diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Causes of Diastolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Early Diastolic:
 • Aortic Regurgitation
 • Pulmonary Regurgitation (Graham-Steell
Causes of Diastolic ... Regurgitation • Pulmonary ... Mid-Diastolic: • Mitral ... Diastolic: • Mitral ... #causes
Causes of Cough and Hemoptysis
Acute Inflammation 
 - Laryngitis 
 - Tracheobronchitis 
 - Mycoplasma and
Causes of Cough ... Mycoplasma and Viral ... Bronchiectasis - Pulmonary ... Ventricular Failure or Mitral ... Stenosis - Pulmonary
Causes of Hemoptysis - BATTLE CAMP Mnemonic:

Bronchitis 
Bronchiectasis 
Aspergilloma 
Tumor 
Tuberculosis 
Lung abscess 
Emboli (pulmonary) 
Coagulopathy
Causes of Hemoptysis ... abscess Emboli (pulmonary ... Alveolar hemorrhage Mitral ... BATTLECAMP #Mnemonic #Causes
Causes of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs)
Congenital Causes: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), Idiopathic
Acquired Causes: Post surgical, Penetrating
Causes of Pulmonary ... AVMs) Congenital Causes ... Idiopathic Acquired Causes ... trauma, Cirrhosis, Mitral ... Malformations #Pulmonary
Causes of Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Massive Hemoptysis (>I00 mL in 24 hours)
 • Malignancy
 •
Causes of Hemoptysis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bacterial • Viral ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Pulmonary
Cardiac Findings in Sarcoidosis
Most Commonly Affected Sites:
 - LV free wall (esp. basal posterior wall)
 -
Abnormalities: - Mitral ... thickening of leaflets ... - Mitral or tricuspid ... dysfunction or pulmonary