14 results
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... Investigations: full blood ... , urine microscopy ... clinical context and signs ... screen, including blood
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... • 1ml blood/liter ... hematuria • Signs ... #Hematuria #Differential ... #blood
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Blood (hemoglobin ... Microscopic exam ... • Red blood cells ... Acute Kidney Injury ... Acute Tubular Necrosis
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... casts are seen in acute ... disease Red blood ... Urinary #Casts #Differential ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
of Hematuria - Differential ... Algorithm Red blood ... cells on urine ... microscopy. ... with polyangiitis/microscopic
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis 
Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder.
Characterized by red
cells that adopt ... These cells can ... The underlying pathophysiology ... 2) Aplasia - Acute ... Crisis #Features #Signs
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Edema (NCPE) - Differential ... cells in the lung ... common causes of acute ... Embolism: • Acute ... edema #causes #differential
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
) -> Increased blood ... trucking" • Acute ... Retina • Ganglion cells ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs
Non-Infective Endocarditis (NBTE / Marantic Endocarditis)
Non-infective endocarditis is also known as: Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE), Aseptic
Vegetations may be microscopic ... Inflammatory cells ... absent How can we differentiate ... pathognomonic signs ... Marantic #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Hormonal alterations (result of aging process)
    ->
diet, hormones, urine ... Chronic retention of urine ... Hydronephrosis, Acute ... Hyperplasia #Prostate #Pathophysiology ... #Urology #Signs