9 results
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... Investigations: full blood ... , urine microscopy ... clinical context and signs ... #Kidney #Injury
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... • 1ml blood/liter ... Immune mediated injury ... hematuria • Signs ... #blood
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Blood (hemoglobin ... Microscopic exam ... • Red blood cells ... Acute Kidney Injury ... Acute Tubular Necrosis
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
of Hematuria - Differential ... Algorithm Red blood ... cells on urine ... microscopy. ... with polyangiitis/microscopic
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... smooth muscle cells ... cause metabolic acidosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Edema (NCPE) - Differential ... cells in the lung ... Traumatic brain injury ... nervous system injury ... common causes of acute
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential ... removal from the blood ... excretion (e.g., urine ... e.g., uptake by cells ... liver or renal injury
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Hormonal alterations (result of aging process)
    ->
diet, hormones, urine ... Hydronephrosis, Acute ... chronic renal injury ... Hyperplasia #Prostate #Pathophysiology ... #Urology #Signs
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Normal or low blood ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology