21 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... urine • 1ml blood ... hematuria • Signs ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #blood
Eosinophil Disorders Testing Algorithm
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING:
 • Peripheral blood eosinophilia/hypereosinophilia uncovered incidentally during medical evaluation or
• Peripheral blood ... for secondary causes ... organ-specific signs ... or symptoms (eg ... Disorders #Algorithm #Differential
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... Detection of AFB by smear ... microscopy Management
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
dipstick, urine microscopy ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Edema (NCPE) - Differential ... cells in the lung ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... #differential #
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
age 70 years Symptoms ... Peripheral Smear ... abnormal under a microscope ... count with differential ... smear • Bone marrow
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis 
Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder.
Characterized by red
These cells can ... Crises can be precipitated ... The underlying pathophysiology ... Crisis #Features #Signs ... #Symptoms
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
hair follicles -> causes ... endothelium) & Decr blood ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
The epidemiology of this disease is 1/340,000 births and roughly double
Signs of immunodeficiency ... to produce all classes ... /Symptoms/Findings ... in blood and bone ... Agammaglobulinemia #XLinked #pathophysiology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
retinal edema caused ... Retina • Ganglion cells ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms