14 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... deposits - Post-infectious ... pain hematuria syndrome ... Hematuria: • Infection ... #urine #blood
Dysmorphic Red Blood Cells on Electron Microscopy
This eyeSCANdy image shows dysmorphic red blood cells from the
Dysmorphic Red Blood ... Microscopy This ... dysmorphic red blood ... urine of a patient ... ElectronMicroscopy #SEM #clinical
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Investigations: full blood ... microscopy / urinary ... investigations depending on clinical ... screen, including blood ... • Cardio-renal syndrome
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... disease Red blood ... Urinary tract infections ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Differential #Microscopy
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Cold Agglutinin Syndrome ... Clinical Presentation ... sensitize red blood ... cells (RBCs) at ... passage of red-brown urine
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Hypertensive emergency, Blood ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis: • Infection ... elevated white blood
IgA Vasculitis – Henoch Scholein Purpura: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 - Infectious Agents - 50% have
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... Findings - Infectious ... endothelial lining of blood ... nephrotic/nephritic syndrome ... HenochScholeinPurpura #Pathophysiology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Statins - ETOH - Infection ... Dermatomyositis Clinical ... Weakness - Dark urine ... UA positive for blood ... hour with goal urine
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... early stages of infection ... : The clinical ... syndrome of HAD ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: 1
Guillain-Barré Syndrome ... transplantation CLINICAL ... normal CSF white blood ... the underlying pathophysiology ... diagnosis #management #neurology