9 results
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion
Alcoholic ketoacidosis - Methanol - Ethylene glycol - Isopropyl Alcohol
 • Metabolic Acidosis
 •
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion ... • Metabolic Acidosis ... Gap • Serum / Urine ... diagnosis #toxicology #comparison ... #table
Urine Microscopy Crystals
Uric Acid crystals:
 - Formation promoted by acidic urine
 - Seen in tumor lysis
Urine Microscopy ... promoted by acidic urine ... in tumor lysis syndrome ... #Microscopy #Crystals ... #comparison #table
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
arsenic compounds, alcohol ... factor (GCSF) treatments ... abnormal under a microscope ... marrow studies Treatment ... Immunosuppressive treatment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... Weakness - Dark urine ... kidney tubular cells ... hour with goal urine ... per day until stable
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
test (with 24-h urine ... Polysomnography • Drug or alcohol ... scan of abdomen/pelvis ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Screening #Workup #table
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Redistribution: Acidosis ... lysis) ± Urine ... Elimination (see Table ... hyperchloremic acidosis ... Drives K+ into cells
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
excretion (e.g., urine ... e.g., uptake by cells ... before beginning treatment ... - Compartment syndrome ... Hypoglycemia - Alcohol
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management
Methanol intoxication:
 • Accidental or intentional ingestion of adulterated
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion ... oxalate crystals in urine ... diagnosis #toxicology #comparison ... #table #management ... #treatment
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... apical membrane of cells ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment