19 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Comparison #Algorithm
Urine Microscopy Crystals
Uric Acid crystals:
 - Formation promoted by acidic urine
 - Seen in tumor lysis
Urine Microscopy ... promoted by acidic urine ... in tumor lysis syndrome ... #Microscopy #Crystals ... #comparison #table
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... microscopy / urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #AKI #Workup #Algorithm
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Red blood cells ... on urine microscopy ... with polyangiitis/microscopic ... #Causes
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
group of disorders caused ... skin that are caused ... factor (GCSF) treatments ... abnormal under a microscope ... marrow studies Treatment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Weakness - Dark urine ... kidney tubular cells ... hour with goal urine ... per day until stable
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
test (with 24-h urine ... scan of abdomen/pelvis ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes ... Screening #Workup #table
Rapid, increasing signs of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) is an important key feature of NMS. EPS, associated
about 95% of NMS cases ... and white blood cells ... Diagnosis #Serotonin #Syndrome ... NeurolepticMalignant #Comparison ... #Table
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Algorithm - Approach ... hemolytic-uremic syndrome ... arbitrarily defined as urine ... .2>5 red blood cells ... Nephrocalcinosis causes