53 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #nephrology #casts
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
urinalysis, labs - Management ... Glomerular (red blood cells ... white blood cell casts ... renal tubular cell casts ... or pigmented casts
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases ... symptoms of active pulmonary ... for concomitant pulmonary ... Detection of AFB by smear ... microscopy Management
Tuberculosis Testing

LATENT TB
• LTBI is diagnosed when an asymptomatic patient has a positive TST or IGRA
ACTIVE TB AFB smear ... microscopy • Testing ... Mycobacterial culture ... of a NAAT on a smear-positive ... used to exclude pulmonary
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Red blood cells ... on urine microscopy ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
polyangiitis), MPA (microscopic ... Goodpasture's cause ... FINDINGS: • U/A: microscopic ... hematuria, RBC casts ... #management #treatment
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
and Management ... = funny-shaped cells ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... acute leukemia Management ... #Management #treatment
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
countries (11-24 cases ... Americans (18-71 cases ... mortality: 9-14 cases ... sarcoidosis (1/3 of cases ... sarcoidosis (2/3 of cases
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
leading to increased pulmonary ... consistent with pulmonary ... performed in most cases ... there is no clear cause ... Summary #CheatSheet #Diagnosis
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
positive in 90% of IE cases ... Cerebral > Splenic, pulmonary ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Treat underlying cause ... #management #cardiology