29 results
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
Urine Microscopy ... and Casts - Image ... Squamous Epithelial Casts ... Transitional Epithelial Cells ... #Casts #Atlas #
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine sediment Microscopic ... urine sediment by microscopy ... pain + gross or microscopic ... : - RBC casts ... microscopic and
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Algorithm Red blood cells ... on urine microscopy ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... with polyangiitis/microscopic
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... diagnosis #nephrology #casts
Plasmodium Falciparum Blood Smear.
Key features suggesting Plasmodium falciparum:
- extreme parasitemia
- normocytic RBCs (vivax, ovale prefer big
Falciparum Blood Smear ... P. falciparum causes ... human malaria cases ... rare in blood smears ... peripheral #clinical #microscopy
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... Algorithm • Confirm hematuria ... → Urine culture ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... Nephrology if cause
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... hematuria, mild ... proteinuria, granular casts
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy
 - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy ... Bacteriuria & Hematuria ... Pyelonephritis - WBC Casts ... Bacteriuria & No Hematuria ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Examples of varying granular and granular/waxy mixed casts: 
A: coarse granular/broad-waxy (and surrounding white blood cells);
granular/waxy mixed casts ... surrounding white blood cells ... Granular #MuddyBrown #Casts ... #Urine #Microscopy
Prolymphocytes

In our case, the patient has T-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) not Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).  🔬Tumor
Prolymphocytes In our case ... 🔬Tumor cells are ... size lymphoid cells ... Prolymphocytes #Smear ... Peripheral #Pathology #Microscopy