8 results
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... diabetes Key signs/symptoms ... altered mental status ... #IM #Endo #DKA ... #HHS #Ddxof
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
to severity of symptoms ... associated with end-stage ... sometimes advanced treatment ... flare ups that cause ... III and class IV symptoms
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
associated with end-stage ... flare ups that cause ... III and class IV symptoms ... Treatments may include ... #ACCAHA #Algorithm
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
2) Presence of symptoms ... Assessment of volume status ... history #Diagnosis #EM ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #Ddxof
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... + lab signs of end ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... Lysis of tumor cells
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
antrum -> Patent ET ... infection; Obstructed ET ... hearing loss, nausea ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
protein C and S Pathophysiology ... Fibrinolysis → End ... + Bleeding Treatment ... Treat primary cause ... #treatment #management
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
peaks between the ages ... monophasic Pathophysiology ... Bilateral signs and/or symptoms ... • Infectious causes ... Transverse Myelitis Treatment