19 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift Into Cells ... imports K+ into cells ... causes #potassium #low ... #pathophysiology
How dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate adaptive immunity
1- Sensing of microbial and damage signals by DCs
2- Phenotypic
How dendritic cells ... adaptive #immunity #immunology ... #pathophysiology
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
The epidemiology of this disease is 1/340,000 births and roughly double
maturation of B cells ... from precursor cells ... Absence of mature B cells ... CD19+) and plasma cells ... #immunology
Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hodgkin Lymphoma ~40% - Characteristic For Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells ... Lymphocyte - 5% RS cells ... (LP) tumour B cells ... B-Cell ~90% • Low ... Classification #pathophysiology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
magnesium into cells ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Decreased Intake: • Low ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... smooth muscle cells ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
weight loss - Low ... disturbances: low ... PO4 and Mg into cells ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) and Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology
ICH Management:
1. Manage Blood Pressure
  •
Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology ... Physiology: CO2: • Low ... water leaves brain cells ... Pressure #ICP #Pathophysiology ... #neurology #neurosurgery
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
diffusion of K+ out of cells ... produces them when low ... precipitant. 5) treat low ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Abnormal blood flow ... narrowing • Slow ... Retina • Ganglion cells ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs