51 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
Findings Causes ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... #ECG #Electrocardiogram ... #Differential #Causes ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Heart Failure - Causes ... • Other HFpEF Causes ... #HeartFailure #Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #HFrEF #HFpEF #CHF
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
to severity of symptoms ... Association, which is classes ... flare ups that cause ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... Classification #Stages #Classes
There are two patterns of T-wave abnormality in Wellens’ syndrome:
-Type A = Biphasic, with initial positivity
negativity (25% of cases ... inverted (75% of cases ... ) #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #ECG #EKG #Wellens ... #Syndrome #TypeA
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... #HeartFailure #CHF ... #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Chest Pain:
 • Myocardium:
	- Myocarditis
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
	- Myopericarditis
Cardiovascular Causes ... Tamponade Pulmonary Causes ... • Alveoli: - CHF ... Pneumothorax Other Causes ... #Cardiology
Myocarditis - Diagnosis and Causes
 • Clinical presentation: Pseudo-acute coronary syndrome, Cardiac failure <3 rnonths, Cardiogenic
Diagnosis and Causes ... Recent flu-like syndrome ... Paraclinical assessment: EKG ... differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #cardiology #MRI
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... improvement in symptoms ... iron #deficiency #CHF ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Medications Used in Congestive Heart Failure

In CHF, the heart is failing as a pump; cardiac output
Heart Failure In CHF ... CHF also causes ... therapy in chronic CHF ... #Pharmacology #CHF ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification
Class I (Ia, Ib, Ic) - Na+ Channel Blockade
 • Slows depolarization
Classification Class ... depolarization in fast AP cells ... depolarization in slow AP cells ... Classification #Classes ... #cardiology #pharmacology