13 results
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Retina • Ganglion cells ... #CRAO #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
gene mutated in all ... cells -> Mutagenic ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hodgkin Lymphoma ~40% - Characteristic For Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
Diagnosis Algorithm ... pattern of spread, B symptoms ... not as common ... Classification #pathophysiology ... #Hematology #Diagnosis
Non-Infective Endocarditis (NBTE / Marantic Endocarditis)
Non-infective endocarditis is also known as: Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE), Aseptic
embolize • Cannot differentiate ... Inflammatory cells ... absent How can we differentiate ... pathognomonic signs/symptoms ... #pathophysiology
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Double Vision - Differential ... • Neurologic symptoms ... suggest a mass as ... of exclusion. ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... - Microglial cells ... are the immune cells ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... conditions listed in differential
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Hard Exudates • Occlusion ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Edema (NCPE) - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... some red blood cells ... edema #causes #differential ... #diagnosis #NCPE
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... Release from blast cells ... : >3 symptoms, or ... initiation • Differential ... unless severe APLS
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
meningitis), MCC CNS symptoms ... Medium and large also ... disease (SVC/IVC occlusion ... Behcet disease) Differential ... inhibitors • Uveitis- Ophthalmology