6 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia due to increased Vitamin D levels
 • The BIG 3:
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... granuloma, BCG-associated ... hepatitis, Paraffin-associated ... granuloma • Genetic ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Lithium-associated ... hyperparathyroidism Genetic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Approach to the Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism - Differential Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm

 • Secondary Hyperthyroidism (↑↔TSH,
Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm ... T4) • ß-hCG-associated ... Radioactive Iodine ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #endocrinology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
mutation in CYP21A2 coding ... wasting crisis & hyperkalemia ... Complications: • Hyperkalemia ... pathophysiology #genetics ... #endocrinology
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
Treatment algorithm ... for malignancy-associated ... #malignancy #associated ... #Treatment #algorithm ... #management #endocrinology
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
Thyrotoxicosis associated ... Toxicosis • Iodine ... ↑ T3 - Mild hypercalcemia ... Thionamide - Iodine ... #differential #endocrinology