22 results
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... Metabolic alkalosis ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... discrete buckets: 1. ... (low intake) 2. ... #Causes #workup ... #nephrology
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Hypercalcemia Workup ... Diagnosis Framework 1) ... PTH-dependent 2) ... other hormonal causes ... #Diagnosis #algorithm
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Proximal RTA (type 2) ... 2. ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... acidosis (type 1 ... of 2), Ureterosigmoidostomy ... #causes #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Volume Depleted - 2° ... Volume Expanded - 1° ... #Nephrology #Causes
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
mutations in AQP-2 ... Obstructive uropathy, Metabolic ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... Classification #Types #Nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Interpretation: 1. ... 2. ... mmol/L Step 1 ... acetaminophen dosing ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... damage or DM (visit 2) ... Unilateral RAS Metabolic ... • Hypercalcemia ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology