12 results
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... +K / serum Na >1 ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Intoxication - High 1, ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diabetes Insipidus Workup ... Step #1 - Consider ... Hypernatremia #Management #Algorithm ... #Sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... discrete buckets: 1. ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #workup ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... #Differential #Algorithm ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
- Differential Algorithm ... , Recent TURP Hypotonic ... polydipsia • Hypervolemia ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... Step 1 . ... Repeat the sodium ... Hypernatremia #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
recessive salt-losing ... prevalence of 1- ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... Elimination (see Table ... 5-10U reg IV + 1- ... Use gtt, NOT hypertonic ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology