12 results
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... - Diarrhea pH Normal ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... discrete buckets: 1. ... (low intake) 2. ... #Causes #workup ... #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... in the urine 1. ... 4: Hyperkalemic ... high/normal 3 ... #nephrology
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pathophysiology 1) ... - Digoxin works ... intracellular calcium causes ... - Hyperkalemia ( ... levels stay within normal
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Step 1 . ... Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia Management Algorithm
 • Treat the cause & optimize hemodynamics and ventilation
 • Reconsider treatment leadingto
the cause & optimize ... • Discontinue oral ... potassium supplements 1) ... Stabilization 2) ... Shift 3) K+ Excretion
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
remember than the normal ... volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... Na >1 is predictive ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... Elimination (see Table ... 5-10U reg IV + 1- ... 2 amps D50W ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
(correction of hypokalemia ... Oral sodium loading ... syndrome - Overnight 1- ... #Screening #Workup ... #table
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Interpretation: 1. ... 3. ... mmol/L Step 1 ... failure (uremia) K ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology