21 results
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 • Urine Chloride
 • Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
Gitelman syndrome ... from Bartter syndrome ... Chloride • Urine Ca ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #hypokalemia #diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... thiazide diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Excretion (IV potassium ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... • Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Diagnosis Algorithm ... h - Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... treated with IV potassium ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology #low
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Diagnosis Renal Causes ... Hypomagnesemia - Familial: Bartter ... syndrome and Gitelman ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... #nephrology #magnesium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
hypokalemic salt-losing ... (renal potassium ... syndrome • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... Supplement: • Potassium ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... with hypokalemia ... Mg2+ deficiency, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... recessive salt-losing ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... Pathophysiology #nephrology